The Russian winter has been cited as a factor which significantly contributed to military failures of several invasions of Russia. Common nicknames in such context are General Frost, General Winter and General Snow. Another similar factor is "General Mud" (see "rasputitsa"). The significance of these factors has been criticized. Temperatures[edit] The average and minimum temperatures differ among Russian regions. Winter is most severe in hinterland Yakutia (where no major armed conflicts have occurred to date), with the lowest temperature about −65°C (-85°F). In European Russia (west of the Ural mountains), where most battles were fought, the average winter temperature is rarely below −20°C (-4°F), but varies greatly: for example, temperatures in the winter of 2005/2006 fell to −20°C (-4°F) or −30°C (-22°F) in Moscow. In Russia this phenomenon is known as "Epiphany frosts" (крещенские морозы, Russian pronunciation: [krʲeˈɕɕenskʲije moˈrozɨ] - referred
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